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Monitor exposure to iodine; evaluate for iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), excessive iodine intake, or iodine in the workplace.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders by Age Group1
|
Age Groups |
Health Consequences of Iodine Deficiency |
|---|---|
|
All ages |
Goiter Increased susceptibility of thyroid gland to nuclear radiation |
|
Fetus |
Abortion Stillbirth Congenital anomalies Perinatal mortality |
|
Neonates |
Infant mortality Endemic cretinism |
|
Children and adolescents |
Impaired mental function Delayed physical development |
|
Adults |
Impaired mental function Reduced work productivity Toxic nodular goiter; iodine-induced hyperthyroidism Increased occurrence of hypothyroidism in moderate-to-severe iodine deficiency; decreased occurrence of hypothyroidism in mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency |
Other forms of thyroid problems, namely iodine-induced hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism associated with excessive iodine intake, have become a greater concern than deficiency disorders.2
1. Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2009 Jun; 30(4):376-408. PubMed 19460960
2. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, et al. Iodine nutrition in the United States, trends and public health implications: Iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971-1974 and 1988-1994). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct; 83(10):3401-3408. PubMed 9768638
