Conditions that result in excessive generation of free radicals, including atherosclerosis, smoking and alcoholism, can result in increased levels of urinary isoprostanes. This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by the Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. It has not been cleared or approved by the U.S. FDA. The Cleveland HeartLab is regulated under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) as qualified to perform high-complexity testing. This test is used for clinical purposes. It should not be regarded as investigational or for research.